Order-picking workstations for automated warehouses

The FALCON (Flexible Automated Logistic CONcept) project aims at the development of a new generation of warehouses and distribution centers with a maximum degree of automation. As part of the FALCON project, this dissertation addresses the design and analysis of (automated) workstations in warehouses with an end-of-aisle order-picking system (OPS). Methods are proposed for architecting, quantifying performance, and controlling such a system. Four main topics are discussed in this dissertation. First, a modular architecture for an end-of-aisle OPS with remotely located workstations is presented. This architecture is structured into areas and operational layers. A hierarchical decentralized control structure is applied. A case of an industrial-scale distribution center is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed architecture for performance analysis using the process algebra-based simulation language $\chi$ (Chi). Additionally, it is demonstrated how the architecture allows straightforward modification of the systems configurations, design parameters, and control heuristics. Second, a method to quantify the operational performance of order-picking workstations has been developed. The method is based on an aggregate modeling representation of the workstation using the EPT (Effective Process Time) concept. A workstation is considered in which a human picker is present to process one customer order at a time while products for multiple orders arrive simultaneously at the workstation. The EPT parameters are calculated from arrival and departure times of products using a sample path equation. Two model variants have been developed, namely for workstations with FCFS (First-Come-First-Serve) and for workstations with non-FCFS processing of products and orders. Both models have been validated using data from a real, operating workstation. The results show that the proposed aggregate modeling methodology gives good accuracy in predicting product and order flow time distributions. Third, the dissertation studies the design and control of an automated, remotely located order-picking workstation that is capable of processing multiple orders simultaneously. Products for multiple orders typically arrive out-of-sequence at the workstation as they are retrieved from dispersed locations in the storage area. The design problem concerns the structuring of product/order buffer lanes and the development of a mechanism that overcomes out-of-sequence arrivals of products. The control problem concerns the picking sequence at the workstation, as throughput deteriorates when a poor picking sequence is applied. An efficient control policy has been developed. Its performance is compared to a number of other picking policies including nearest-to-the-head, nearest neighbor, and dynamic programming. Subsequently, the resulting throughput and queue length distribution are evaluated under different settings. Insights for design considerations of such a system are summarized. Finally, the dissertation reflects on the findings from the proposed methods and uses them to come up with comprehensive design principles of end-of-aisle OPS with remotely located workstations. The various issues influencing the performance of such a system are highlighted. Moreover, the contribution of each proposed method with regards to these issues is delineated

Rancang Bangun Media Desain Katalog Penunjang Informasi dan Promosi PT Global Bangun Mandiri

The development of communication media and information today due to the many information needed by everyone, so the information makers continue to be encouraged to make changes to follow the demands of the times. Where many parties are involved, either directly related to the delivery process, or the acceptance of such information. This information delivery model and system will determine whether the process is working properly. One form of media that is considered effective and can be used as a support in the program information and promotion is through a visual communication or through a catalog. Design Catalog is a way an institution or company commonly used as a sign of identity in doing a good communication and within the internal scope of the company and with colleagues, business partners, or other relevant parties. This study aims to apply the concept of Catalog Catalog media to provide information and more effective promotion of the company\u27s products. Currently PT Global Bangun Mandiri is a company engaged in the field of property where many companies are moving companies together and certainly a competitor. To obtain the necessary data during the research, the author uses several methodologies, among others: problem analysis methods, data collection methods (observation, interview, literature study), design analysis methods, and design concepts. The final result of this research is in the form of Design of Catalog Form media which is expected to deliver effective information and promotion message made with interesting layout with a more visual appearance and easy to understand

On sustainable operation of warehouse order picking systems

Sustainable development calls for an efficient utilization of natural and human resources. This issue also arises for warehouse systems, where typically extensive capital investment and labor intensive work are involved. It is therefore important to assess and continuously monitor the performance of such a system to identify possible improvements in the system configuration. We believe that a modular system architecture and an accompanying performance monitoring method serve this purpose. In this paper we advocate a system architecture with a decentralized hierarchical control structure. The architecture allows easy adjustment of system configurations and control heuristics to deal with ever-changing warehouse requirements. We also propose a performance monitoring method that only requires little shop-floor data. This method is based on the concept of effective process time and it can be used to generate key performance indicators of the warehouse. By applying the system architecture and the performance monitoring method, we believe that more efficient ways of utilizing resources and capitals can be identified to improve the sustainability of warehouse order picking systems

PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION DAN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE UNTUK KLASIFIKASI JENIS KENDARAAN PADA VIDEO BERGERAK

Deteksi, pelacakan dan klasifikasi kendaraan merupakan tahap yang paling penting dari aplikasi visi komputer pada Sistem Transportasi Cerdas (Intelligent Transportation System). Pada saat ini penggunaan radar dan sensor magnetik mempunyai masalah dalam klasifikasi dan perhitungan jumlah kendaraan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penggunaan kamera video untuk mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasikan jenis kendaraan. Data video dirubah ke dalam urutan bingkai citra, dan dilakukan penapisan untuk menghilangkain derau menggunakan Median Filter. Deteksi kendaraan dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode pengurangan latar belakang dengan latar belakang dimodelkan menggunakan frame differencing dan kontur sebagai model dari objek. Kemudian dilakukan operasi morfologi opening dan diikuti dilasi pada kontur yang terdeteksi untuk menghilangkan titik piksel yang tidak dibutuhkan dan mengisi piksel kosong pada kontur. Ekstraksi ciri geometri dari kontur kendaraan digunakan sebagai masukan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dengan kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis kendaraan. Klasifikasi SVM sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan parameter C dan fungsi kernel yang digunakan. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) digunakan untuk memilih parameter C dan gamma terbaik SVM. Diperoleh sensitivitas sebesar 79%, spesifisitas 41%, akurasi 68%, dan galat 32% dalam mengklasifikasikan jenis kendaraan dari data video. Dengan akurasi rata-rata untuk pelacakan objek adalah 87,5%. Kata Kunci : Sistem Transportasi Cerdas, Klasifikasi Kendaraan, Background Subtraction, Particle Swarm Optimization, Support Vector Machine Detection, tracking, and classification of vehicles is the most important stage of computer vision applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). At present the use of radar and magnetic sensors has problems in the classification and calculation of the number vehicles. This research proposes the use of video cameras to detect and classify vehicle types. Video data is changed to the frame image sequence, and filtering is done using the Median Filter to remove noise. Vehicle detection is performed using a background subtraction method where the background is modeled using frame differencing and contours as models of objects. Then the opening morphology operation is followed by dilation performed on the detected contour to eliminate unnecessary pixel points and fill empty pixels on the contour. The extraction of geometric features from vehicle contour is used as input for Support Vector Machine (SVM) with the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel to classify vehicle types. SVM is influenced by the parameters selection of C and the kernel function used. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to select the best C and gamma SVM parameters. Sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 41%, accuracy of 68%, and error of 32% is obtained in classifying types of vehicles from video data. With average accuracy for object tracking is 87.5%. Keywords : Intelligent Transport System, Vehicle Classification, Background Subtraction, Particle Swarm Optimization, Support Vector Machine

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dengan Menggunakan Video Dokumenter Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Unggul Baitussalam Aceh Besar

Video dokumenter adalah media audio visual yang menyajikan suara sekaligus gambar yang memungkinkan peserta didik lebih tertarik mempelajari fenomena-fenomena dan gejala-gejala alam yang terjadi saat ini disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran yang melibatkan suatu USAha eksplorasi dari orang-orang, pelaku-pelaku yang nyata, dan situasi yang sungguh nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa; (3) Keterampilan guru; dan (4) Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS-2 SMA Negeri 1 Unggul Baitussalam yang terdiri atas 25 peserta didik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar siswa, lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa, lembar pengamatan keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, dan angket respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter yang telah dilaksanakan. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa; (1) Persentase ketuntasan individual pada siklus I yaitu 40 persen, pada siklus II 64 persen, dan pada siklus III 96persen. Secara klasikal, persentase ketuntasan pada siklus I yaitu 40 persen, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 60 persen, dan pada siklus III menjadi 90 persen; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa dikatakan meningkat dari siklus I sampai dengan siklus III; (3) Keterampilan guru pada siklus I diperoleh skor 2,57dengan kategori sedang, pada siklus II dikategorikan baik dengan skor 2,94, dan pada siklus III dengan skor 3,47 dengan kategori baik; (4) Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video documenter dapat dikatakan positif. Ini terbukti bahwa peserta didik dapat memahami materi yang disajikan guru terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan menggunakan video dokumenter

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Kredit Mikro Mahasiswa Berbasis Web

Micro-credit is one of the students to development and increase the entrepreneurship spirit. In order to increase the entrepreneurship spirit of students in need a system that is very adequate in increasing the number of entrepreneurs. Information systems are important and should be owned by every organization. The purpose of microcredit student information system is designed to make it easy for management and users in the course of microcredit entrepreneur. The method used in this research is descriptive method by observation and interviews. The tool used is a flowchart and DFD. Results from this study is the use of micro-credit information systems can provide solutions speed, precision and accuracy in performing data processing micro-credit students in order to get optimal results